We’ve already established that - Story Is Everything! But, if story is everything - “Story Structure” is everything else.
It’s what makes everything work.
Story structure constitutes the essential ingredients that every story - no matter how simple or advanced - must have. Without structure you don’t have a story. Without story you don’t engage the audience - and without engaging the audience - no one cares about what you have to say – or what you’re selling.
If you follow these guidelines your story will turn out clear and concise - and more importantly - in a format that the audience already understands. From, childhood stories, to movies and TV (even reality TV is assembled in a classic configuration), we're all familiar with story structure. We just don't realize it until we encounter something that breaks convention.
To apply structure to your story – you have to understand what the essential elements are and - how they work. Since we’re exploring stories for film – we’ll look at how some of the masters did it.
We’ll also look at how to apply this to your brand as we go and then again specifically at the conclusion.
Basic Story Structure
The essential elements of story structure are, not surprisingly - a beginning - middle and - wait for it - an end.
In story terms they’re known as Act I - Act II - and Act III.
You can start in any order you want - at the end - like Citizen Kane - or in the middle like - Pulp Fiction. But, you have to touch base at all three places for your story to connect.
While these basic components seem obvious, they each serve a specific and important purpose in engaging an audience.
This article will look at the first act – then give you some thoughts about how to apply it to your brand. Act I is a lot to digest so - we’ll pick up with Acts II and III next time.
So from the top. And... Action!
Act I
Act I has four primary functions.
- Introducing your hero(es). i.e. show the audience who your story is about and what they desire
- Declaring a goal for your hero – one – singular goal. (If you have a second goal it needs to be a second movie!)
- Stating the theme – in other words - what this story means – not what happens – that’s plot – theme is about what it means to the characters - and the audience
- Establishing the world of your story – meaning any conditions and rules your story needs to function properly
Whew! That’s a lot.
But, if we don’t show those things up front – the audience won’t know what and who the story's about - even worse - they won't care.
So let’s look at these functions in a little more depth.
Introducing the Hero
In a business film – your brand – or someone who represents your brand – is the Hero. Always! There’s no reason to make a corporate movie, otherwise (or, one could argue, be in business at all).
The viewer wants to see the hero early in the story. So show your brand - if not first – soon after you begin. Usually – your brand will share a dual “hero role” with the audience/customer. This story is about them too - who they are - what they desire – what it means to them – and what their goals are?
Answering these questions for the audience creates an enormous benefit, which we all know, is one of the driving factors in making a sale.
Your desire is implied. You want to make money! You know it and the audience knows it! Anything else like - more customers, increased web traffic, brand awareness, etc… are goals.
This is probably a good time to point out that in a movie - Goal and Desire aren’t the same thing. Luke Skywalker desires adventure. He's stuck on a boring, desolate planet, where everyone else his age has already joined the Rebel Alliance. His goal is to destroy Vader. Luke doesn’t particularly want to destroy Darth Vader – especially after he finds out his nemesis is his father.
Or, if you like - Desire is what your hero wants - Goal is the purpose of a specific movie (or letter, ad, sales pitch, etc...). Your Desire – is to make money – Your Goal may be to drive traffic to your website, or make a sale.
Declaring a Goal
All stories are about one thing and one thing only. Your entire plot will revolve around it.
Indiana Jones wants to find the lost Ark - That’s all. Michael Dorsey (Tootsie) wants to prove he’s a great actor (actress?). Luke Skywalker wants to defeat Darth Vader.
One single objective. That’s it!
One more thing - the goal you set and the nature of your hero (i.e. you and your customer) are inextricably linked. The character should match the task at hand. Meaning - it takes a character like Indiana Jones to search for the lost Ark. Can you really see Urkle doing it? (It would make a good comedy sketch, though!)
If you’re a muscle car repair shop – A story about teddy bears probably won’t work for you. If however, that's the audience you wish to appeal to - try Power Puff Girls! “Sugar – spice and a can of whup ass!” I can see that!
Stating a Theme
Now that you’ve shown us who your story is about – their goal - and what they desire – you have to reveal what it all means.
Theme and plot are different things. Plot is what happens to your characters on their way to the achieving their goal.
Theme is what it means to them.
Or, if you like – plot is what they say and do –theme is how they (and we the audience) feel about it!
For example the overarching theme in “Raiders of the Lost Ark” is – “There are some things we’re not meant to see!" Like the face of God! Indy says it himself, as Belloq opens the Ark – “Don’t look Marion!” That’s theme - the plot was finding the Ark in the first place.
In “Tootsie” Michael (Dustin Hoffman) states the theme of “self-improvement” in one of his last lines in the movie. He’s standing on the street talking to Julie (Jessica Lang) when he confesses – “I was a better man with you, as a woman, than I ever was with a woman as a man!” Dressing in drag was the plot!
The theme of StarWars is one of the simplest and oldest around – “Trust in a higher power and good will triumph over evil.” The plot was destroying the Death Star!
Notice how plot and theme are linked. If Indy doesn’t find the Ark we don’t have the opportunity to learn that it means “Don’t look Marion!” If Michael doesn’t put on the dress – we – and he - never get the chance to become a better man by being a woman.
I often begin a story with just a theme and work backwards to who the hero is and what they do.
In a business film, your brand and your customer are always the hero. But, if you know what you want your story to mean – you can select plot actions that reveal that theme.
Establishing Your World
Act I is also where you set the scene - tell everyone where your story takes place - and establish any rules needed to make your story believable. The rules can be based in reality or in the supernatural - like - magic is real at Hogwarts - or race cars can talk - or most people, droids and even aliens from other galaxies - speak English - at least in StarWars.
It’s called the suspension of disbelief – the audience sets aside their doubts and dives in - because ultimately - they want to believe in your story.
But, you can only use one rule. If you start with talking race cars – adding magic will be too much for us to believe. If you start with reality – Santa Claus can’t swoop in at the last moment to save the day.
And, to an audience - there’s really nothing worse than being yanked right out of a story they’ve been absorbed in for several minutes, hours, days or weeks!
A business story has to allow the audience to suspend their disbelief too. Any good salesperson can tell you that there’s a moment in every transaction where the buyer has to “suspend their doubt” (usually over cost) and come to believe that the benefits outweigh the expense.
The audience wants to believe! And a good story will help them along.
So that’s ACT I –
- Introducing your hero(es).
- Declaring a goal for your hero – one – singular goal.
- Stating the theme – in other words - what this story.
- Establishing the world of your story.
Now let’s look at how Act I works for your organization?
To begin your story –
First - Introduce your brand/product – who you are and what you desire. (Desire – to make a profit - is always implied so you don’t have to specifically state it.)
Second - Establish any rules that govern your story. For a business, rules could be market trends, government regulation, even hiring a new CEO. You’re establishing the environment in which your present story takes place. Remember to follow the rules. If government regulation is a rule – deciding to “magically” ignore it at the last second will make your story seem unbelievable – and that’ll be the least of your problems.
Third - Declare a goal – “Make a sale – Drive traffic” – or whatever your needs determine at the time.
Finally - add any attributes that differentiate you from the competition and benefit your customer. This is your theme. “We benefit you because...”
Remember - the customer is the co-hero of this movie. Make sure you focus on how your brand benefits them and helps achieve their goals and desires.
They’ll suspend their disbelief and dive in!
There you have it – an outline for Act I.
Cut, Print - Moving on!